Tag Bottom: The Complete Manual Of Wellbore Cleanouts

What is in this book Eighty-six chapters in eight parts: why wells fill up; the physics of fluids and solids in pipe and annulus; rigs, coiled tubing and snubbing units and the reach each one has; the bottomhole assembly; fluids and chemistry; execution by well type; an atlas of onshore basins; and a reference section. One hundred and fourteen numbered equations, each with its variables, its limits of validity and a worked check, and every constant derived from first principles. More than a hundred tables, all computed for this book: capacities and velocities, settling and deposition, casing and coil strength, torque, fatigue, nitrogen volumes, acid stoichiometry, filter counts, casing wear. Three reference wells carried through every chapter - a three-mile Bakken lateral on coil, a depleted vertical well on a rig, and a four-mile Delaware lateral on a hydraulic workover unit - with their data fixed once and never changed. A bed-transport model that says which sections of a well clean by circulation and which do not, and why the curve of a tapered well is where cleanouts fail. Reach in closed form: where a pushed coil string helixes and locks up, what each tool and chemical buys in feet of lateral, and where coil hands off to jointed pipe. Coil fatigue as a count; nitrogen from an equation of state; foam, air, membrane nitrogen and colloidal gas aphrons as the rungs of a lighter column, and what to do when the well will not circulate; friction reducers at the knee of their curve; sweeps sized and placed where they work. Execution from the tag to the mass balance: the weight, pressure and returns signatures that govern a job, stop criteria as numbers, and the decision trees for when it goes wrong. Every kind of fill - sand and proppant, plug debris, scale, salt, paraffin, asphaltene, cement, iron sulfide, polymer residue, sludge and steel - with the tool, the fluid and the chemistry that removes each one. The hazards, named and answered: stuck by packoff, debris falling back, differential sticking, a key seat, collapsed casing or a backed-off connection; lost circulation on every conveyance; open hole; and the well-control and sour-service rules that keep a crew alive. Twenty-eight onshore basins in one identical data block, from the Williston to Cook Inlet, each with the design that its casing, coil and rate demand. Field checklists, a glossary, and an index. Written for the person responsible for the job.