Strategic disputes in international environmental law

Strategic litigation is a central instrument of international environmental law, designed to constrain states and companies, clarify legal standards and mobilize public opinion. This study analyzes the normative, political and social impact of such litigation, while highlighting its limitations. Based on a comparative legal approach and the analysis of emblematic decisions (Urgenda v. Netherlands, 2019; Milieudefensie v. Shell, 2021; Notre Affaire à Tous v. France, 2021), this research demonstrates that strategic litigation plays an essential role in promoting environmental justice, despite structural, procedural and jurisdictional obstacles. It concludes that their effectiveness can be enhanced by articulation with international advisory opinions, multilateral negotiations and the creation of specialized jurisdictions.