Smart Drug Delivery Dystems: Advanced Strategies for Targeted

AbstractSmart Drug Delivery Systems (SDDS) represent a significant advancement in pharmaceutical technology by enabling controlled, targeted, and stimuli-responsive delivery of therapeutic agents. Unlike conventional drug delivery systems, SDDS can respond to internal stimuli such as pH, enzymes, glucose, redox potential, and reactive oxygen species, or external stimuli including temperature, magnetic fields, ultrasound, light, and electrical signals, ensuring precise drug release at the desired site of action. These systems improve therapeutic efficacy, enhance bioavailability, minimize systemic toxicity, reduce dosing frequency, and increase patient compliance. A wide range of carriers, including nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, hydrogels, polymeric micelles, and smart biomaterials, has been developed to achieve site-specific and personalized drug delivery. Recent advances integrating nanotechnology, biomaterials, biosensors, artificial intelligence, and wearable medical devices have further expanded the capabilities of SDDS for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, neurological, and infectious diseases. Despite challenges related to large-scale manufacturing.