Scaling Up Biodiversity Positive Incentives

To halt and reverse nature loss, economic incentives must swiftly be aligned with global biodiversity goals. This OECD report provides strategic guidance on scaling up biodiversity-positive incentives - policy instruments that reward environmentally beneficial actions and make harmful ones more costly. It examines an array of economic incentives for biodiversity, including subsidies, payments for ecosystem services, environmental taxes, fees and tradable permits, biodiversity offsets, and emerging biodiversity credit approaches. Drawing on experiences worldwide, the report highlights key challenges and opportunities for scaling up these incentives effectively and equitably. It offers policy makers and practitioners ten recommendations to support the implementation of Target 18 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.