Retina Biometrics: From Image Acquisition to AI-Powered Identity Recognition

This book explores the use of the human retina for biometric authentication, highlighting its unique and stable characteristics. It argues that recent technological advances-affordable high-resolution sensors, increased computing power, and AI-have finally made widespread retina recognition practical. However, it acknowledges significant challenges, including image acquisition, robust feature extraction, and ensuring system fairness, security, and privacy.The book is intended for a broad audience, from students to professionals, and is structured to guide readers from foundational principles (anatomy, physics) through classical algorithms and modern deep learning techniques. It dedicates substantial focus to practical system building, security, and privacy, while also exploring multimodal integration and real-world applications. The work concludes with a forward-looking vision for next-generation retina recognition systems.