Rethinking Borders Border Enclaves

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An ethnographic study of Melilla, a Spanish enclave in North Africa, revealing how borders, sovereignty and belonging are negotiated through everyday life, illicit economies and symbolic performances at Europe’s margins. ‘To read this book is to be transported into a nest of contradictions that ever so satisfyingly reveal how fragile and thus transformable modern-day social classification can be.’– Ilana Gershon, Rice University‘Written with compassion and precision, Soto-Bermant demonstrates the power of ethnography to untangle the complex co-production of African and European state-projects and border regimes.– Brenda Chalfin, University of FloridaBorder enclaves examines the Spanish enclave of Melilla as a prism through which to understand the dislocations of contemporary Europe. Drawing on more than a decade of ethnographic research, it traces how borders are enforced, contested and inhabited in a city suspended between Africa and Europe, colonial legacies and present-day border regimes. Melilla emerges not simply as a fortified frontier but as a dislocated space where sovereignty, belonging and mobility are constantly negotiated. Through a polyphonic narrative that follows interlocutors as diverse as smugglers, migrants, teachers, street children and local politicians, the book reveals how everyday practices, illicit economies and symbolic performances converge to shape life in the enclave. It demonstrates how selective visibility – who is seen, counted, or erased – structures both political authority and social exclusion. At the same time, it situates Melilla within wider regional and global processes: Spain’s colonial history in North Africa, the restructuring of Europe’s external borders, the collapse of informal economies and the emergence of new economies of control. The book argues that Melilla’s dependence on external resources, coupled with its fragmented sovereignties and zones of exception, makes it a paradigmatic site for understanding the precarious geographies of Europe’s margins. By foregrounding ambiguity, contradiction, and coexistence, it calls for an ethnographic practice attentive to dislocation as both lived experience and analytic lens. Border enclaves examines the Spanish enclave of Melilla as a prism for understanding Europe’s contemporary dislocations. Based on over a decade of ethnographic research, it explores how borders are enforced, contested and inhabited in a city suspended between Africa and Europe, colonial legacies and modern regimes. Through a polyphonic narrative following smugglers, migrants, teachers and politicians, it reveals how everyday practices and symbolic performances shape life in the enclave. Selective visibility—who is seen or erased—structures authority and exclusion. Situating Melilla within broader processes like Spain’s colonial history and Europe’s border restructuring, the book argues that its fragmented sovereignties and external dependencies make it a paradigmatic site for grasping Europe’s precarious margins. It calls for an ethnographic lens attuned to dislocation as both lived experience and analytic tool.

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Pages: 216, Hardcover, Manchester University Press