Maintaining and consolidating peace in Sahel Central Africa

This work analyzes the security, political and social challenges in Sahelian and Central Africa, through Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Mali. These countries reflect the complexity of current crises, marked by colonial heritage, the fragility of institutions, the rise in intercommunity violence and transnational jihadism. The first part examines historical contexts, the impact of colonial legacies, often violent political transitions, and the rise of armed groups exploiting state and identity fault lines. The second part studies national and international peace strategies, emphasizing dialogue, reconciliation, inclusive governance and the mobilization of civil society, as well as the role of MINUSMA, the G5 Sahel and Operation Barkhane. The third part highlights the persistent challenges: inter-ethnic tensions, corruption, humanitarian crisis, degradation of essential services and jihadist pressure. The final part proposes avenues for lasting peace based on strengthened local governance, authentic reconciliation and appropriate international reforms.