International Association of Geodesy Symposia156 Gravity, Positioning and Reference Frames

This open access volume contains a selection of papers presented at three different IAG Symposia held in 2022: GGHS2022 – Gravity, Geoid, and Height Systems 2022, Austin, TX, United States of America, September 12 – 14, 2022; IAG Commission 4 – Positioning and Applications, Potsdam, Germany, September 5 – 8, 2022; This open access volume contains a selection of papers presented at three different IAG Symposia held in 2022: GGHS2022 – Gravity, Geoid, and Height Systems 2022, Austin, TX, United States of America, September 12 – 14, 2022; IAG Commission 4 – Positioning and Applications, Potsdam, Germany, September 5 – 8, 2022; and REFAG2022 – Reference Frames for Applications in Geosciences, Thessaloniki, Greece, October 17 – 20, 2022. Two of these three conferences were planned for 2020 or 2021, but had to be postponed due to the COVID19 pandemic. They therefore became an important opportunity for the global geodesy community to rebuild professional networks and to resume face-to-face interaction. Scientists from around the world were delighted to once again gather together to present their research progress and findings, and discuss scientific issues.