Intelligent and Programmable Metamaterial Antennas for Beamforming Beam Scanning

The rapid evolution of wireless communications, RADAR, and sensing technologies has created a growing demand for antennas that are efficient, adaptive, and reconfigurable. Traditional phased-array architectures enable beamforming but often involve significant hardware complexity and cost. Metamaterial and metasurface-based antennas have emerged as transformative alternatives, enabling dynamic control of electromagnetic waves through engineered surfaces.Intelligent and Programmable Metamaterial Antennas for Beamforming and Beam Scanning presents a comprehensive overview of this emerging field, bridging fundamental electromagnetic theory with practical implementations of programmable antenna systems. The book introduces metamaterial-inspired radiating structures and reframes classical beamforming concepts from an aperture-field and wavefront engineering perspective.It explores advanced techniques such as phase-gradient metasurfaces, digitally programmable metasurfaces, and hybrid metamaterial-array architectures, enabling beam steering without conventional phase shifters. The integration of digital control platforms allows electromagnetic responses to be software-defined, enabling flexible radiation pattern control.The book also discusses intelligent electromagnetic systems incorporating machine learning and adaptive control for real-time beam optimization. Designed for graduate students, researchers, and professionals, it provides theoretical foundations, design methodologies, and emerging research directions for next-generation adaptive antenna technologies and applications.