Implants in Atrophic Maxilla and Mandible

Implant placement aims to provide long-lasting anchorage for optimal functional and aesthetic results. However, the atrophic maxilla and mandible present significant challenges due to bone deficiency and unfavorable ridge anatomy. Clinicians must be well-informed about various treatment options to select the most appropriate approach for each patient. Key solutions include implant placement in anatomical abutments, sinus floor elevation, and bone grafting, though these increase the complexity of surgery. In response, modified implant designs for atrophic jaws have emerged over the past decade, offering lower morbidity rates and well-supported success. These include zygomatic, tuberosity, pterygoid, short, tilted, and basal implants, among others. Selection of the implant is guided not only by diagnosis but also by the specific characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each design. Thus, successful rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla and mandible requires a clinician's deep knowledge and understanding of these advanced techniques.