Handbook of Pollinators in Protected Habitats Europe

Studying pollinators in Europe's protected habitats is crucial for conserving biodiversity, maintaining ecosystem services, and supporting sustainable land management. Pollinators-such as bees, butterflies, and hoverflies-are keystone species that enable the reproduction of many wild and cultivated plants. In protected areas, which often host rare or endemic species and high floral diversity, pollinators play a vital role in sustaining complex ecological networks.These habitats, including species-rich grasslands like Meosbromion and Xerobromion, provide refuge for pollinators facing widespread threats such as habitat loss, pesticide exposure, and climate change. Monitoring pollinator populations in these areas allows early detection of declines, assessment of habitat health, and evaluation of conservation effectiveness.