Female Genital Anatomic Deviations: from Embryogenesis to Surgery

The aim of this paper is to distinguish female genital anatomic variations for appropriate surgical treatment based on a clinical analysis. Surgical treatment of congenital variations is performed according to variant anatomy and functional disorders. However, many congenital anatomic variations are difficult to categorize based on current classification systems. Genital structural anomalies are defined as deviations from normal anatomy resulting of embryological maldevelopment. The clinical anatomy of the structural variations, were observed according to the embryonic developmental stages. A systematic comparison of reproductive organ anatomic variations (malformations) with contemporary embryological investigations and literature reviews revealed that many controversies exist, stimulating the formulation of a new concept of embryonic morphogenesis. Here, this new systematic view of the reproductive system morphogenesis, the controversies surrounding it, and evidence-based arguments in its favour are being discussed.