There is no standardized way for defining a failure in the wind energy industry. This analysis defines a failure as a visit to a turbine, outside of a scheduled operation, in which material is consumed. Failure modes can be classified as the failures which happen in the specific subsystem (i.e., blade failure, gearbox failure, generator failure, etc.) or more specific ones such as fatigue and fractures in the toothed shaft of a gearbox, loss of function in the lubricant system depending on the data availability. The life of a new WT is around 20 years and WT failures are commonly assumed to follow a bathtub curve that indicates high rates of failure will be observed both early on (period of early failures) and towards the end of life (period of wear out) but with lower rates in the middle (period useful life).
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