Evolution of Articulators: History to Present

The book "Evolution of Articulators" presents a comprehensive review of the historical development, scientific principles, classification, clinical applications, and modern technological advancements of articulators used in prosthodontics. The book systematically traces the evolution of articulators over more than two centuries, demonstrating how improvements in the understanding of mandibular biomechanics, occlusion, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function have influenced articulator design. It emphasizes that articulators have progressed from simple mechanical devices designed to preserve jaw relationships to sophisticated digital systems capable of reproducing individualized mandibular movements with greater precision. The dissertation also discusses the continued relevance of conventional articulators alongside emerging digital technologies in modern prosthodontic practice.The dissertation begins by introducing occlusion as a dynamic biological process involving coordinated interactions between the temporomandibular joints, muscles of mastication, neuromuscular control, periodontal proprioception, and occlusal morphology.