Delineating Colombia's Genetics Structure through the Analysis of 84 Indel Markers

Colombia is a multi-ethnic and genetically diverse country, both culturally and biologically. Three of the most representative human groups on the planet Native Americans (of Asian origin), Europeans, and Africans intermixed over more than 529 years, giving rise to the mestizo population that today inhabits the country and serves as the biological foundation for this population genetics study.The analysis of the AIM-Indels showed that European ancestry predominates in the Andean (58%), Caribbean (55%), and Orinoquia (53%) regions, while Amerindian ancestry remains significant in those same regions (35%, 22%, and 36%, respectively). In the Pacific region, African ancestry dominates at 63%. The Amazon region has low European and African ancestry but very high Amerindian ancestry (75%).The Central Andes (65%) and Antioquia (62%) contribute most to the country's European ancestry. The Pacific region contributes the most African ancestry. A robust allele frequency database was generated for 2,615 individuals, supporting statistical calculations in population genetics and forensic identification.In addition, three new alleles not previously reported worldwide were detected for some AIM-Indel markers.