Defending the Capital of Republic

The French Revolution was not a synonym for chaos; on the contrary, it was precisely within this "disorder" that the contours of modern political order gradually emerged.¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿"¿¿"¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿This book focuses on the establishment of the public security system in Paris after the Thermidorian Reaction, revealing the process of restoring order and recentralizing state power in the later stages of the revolution. Unlike previous studies that often emphasized the "ascendant phase of the revolution," the author shifts the perspective to the Directory period, spanning from the Thermidorian Reaction to the Coup of 18 Brumaire, examining the formation and evolution of Paris's public security system during this phase.By the end of the Ancien Régime, Paris's public security system was characterized by a multitude of fragmented units and decentralized command structures. Its collapse was marked by the storming of the Bastille in 1789. In the early stages of the revolution, the National Guard took over public security based on the principle of popular self-governance but soon lost control due to the influx of sans-culottes. After the Prairial Uprising of 1795, the Thermidorians promoted the professionalization of public security by establishing police legions and a general staff within the regular army. During the Vendémiaire Uprising later that year, Napoleon Bonaparte employed military means to suppress royalist riots, solidifying a multi-branch public security framework. Subsequently, the regular army gradually replaced the National Guard as the main force in maintaining public order, playing a decisive role in the Coup of 18 Fructidor in 1797. Thereafter, the military strengthened its control over the capital, leading to the further militarization of Parisian security. In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte leveraged this militarized public security system to execute the Coup of 18 Brumaire, thereby bringing the revolution to an end.Through a systematic study of the public security institutions in Paris during the Directory period, this book uncovers the revolutionaries' efforts to restore order amidst chaos and rebuild centralized authority. It offers a fresh perspective for understanding the full scope of the French Revolution and the formation of modern political order.¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿"¿¿¿¿¿"¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿1789¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿1795¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿·¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿1797¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿1799¿¿¿¿¿·¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿

Pages: 268, Edition: Unabridged, Paperback, China National Publications Import & Export C