Current Filling Materials for Root Canal Perforations: Biomaterials in Restorative Endodontics: From Perforation to Healing

Root perforations are a major complication in endodontics that can compromise the prognosis of a tooth by creating a communication between the root canal system and the periodontal tissues. Their management relies on an accurate diagnosis, thorough disinfection, control of bleeding, and the selection of an appropriate biomaterial. This book presents current materials for filling and repairing root perforations, including MTA, calcium silicate-based cements, CEM, Biodentine, and bioceramic materials. Their physicochemical and biological properties are analyzed, with particular attention paid to biocompatibility, sealability, bioactivity, dimensional stability, mechanical strength, antimicrobial activity, and ease of handling. The main clinical scenarios are also addressed: cervical, radicular, apical, and furcation perforations. Factors influencing prognosis-such as the location and size of the perforation, contamination, periodontal status, and accessibility of the defect-are discussed.