Crossover Time in Quantum Boson and Spin Systems

Bol

We consider quantum dynamical systems (in general, these could be either Hamiltonian or dissipative, but in this review we shall be interested only in quantum Hamiltonian systems) that have, at least formally, a classical limit. This means, in particular, that each time-dependent quantum-mechanical expectation value X (t) has as i cl Ii -+ 0 a limit Xi(t) -+ x1 )(t) of the corresponding classical sys- tem. Quantum-mechanical considerations include an additional di- mensionless parameter f = iiiconst. connected with the Planck constant Ii. Even in the quasiclassical region where f~ 1, the dy- namics of the quantum and classicalfunctions Xi(t) and XiCcl)(t) will be different, in general, and quantum dynamics for expectation val- ues may coincide with classical dynamics only for some finite time. This characteristic time-scale, TIi., could depend on several factors which will be discussed below, including: choice of expectation val- ues, initial state, physical parameters and so on. Thus, the problem arises in this connection: How to estimate the characteristic time- scale TIi. of the validity of the quasiclassical approximation and how to measure it in an experiment? For rather simple integrable quan- tum systems in the stable regions of motion of their corresponding classical phase space, this time-scale T" usually is of order (see, for example, [2]) const TIi. = p,li , (1.1) Q where p, is the dimensionless parameter of nonlinearity (discussed below) and a is a constant of the order of unity.

Bol Partner

The authors compare classical and quantum dynamics in the quasiclassical region of parameters and under the condition of unstable (chaotic) classical behavior. They estimate the characteristic time-scale at which classical and quantum solutions start to differ significantly. The method is based on exact equations for time-dependent expectation values in boson and spin coherent states, and applies to rather general Hamiltonians with many degrees of freedom. The authors develop a consistent dynamical theory for quantum nonintegrable Hamiltonians and provide explicit examples of classical-quantum crossover-time , a very common and fundamental phenomenon in quantum nonintegrable systems. This book can be recommended to graduate students and to specialists.