Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms in Cardiopathy Therapeutic Strategies

Cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure (HF), remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in clinical management, outcomes remain suboptimal, reflecting an incomplete understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern myocardial dysfunction. HF is frequently preceded or accompanied by cardiopathies characterized by maladaptive remodeling, impaired contractile and relaxation dynamics, and disrupted energetic homeostasis.This Reprint focuses on the mechanistic basis of cardiopathy and its contribution to HF progression. Emphasis is placed on pathways including oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, electrophysiological remodeling, and sarcomere regulation, alongside emerging strategies for targeted therapeutic modulation. By integrating insights across molecular biology, biophysics, and translational research, this collection aims to provide a framework for mechanism-based intervention in cardiovascular disease.