An Introduction to Metascience and the Critical Appraisal of Research

This groundbreaking book guides readers from basic probability concepts to sophisticated critical analysis of research literature. Starting with fundamental statistical principles, it systematically builds toward identifying common errors in primary research. This groundbreaking book guides readers from basic probability concepts to sophisticated critical analysis of research literature. Starting with fundamental statistical principles, it systematically builds toward identifying common errors in primary research. The book comprehensively covers the three major concerns of modern metascience: base rate neglect, multiple comparison (p-hacking), and publication bias. Unlike existing texts, it works methodically from first principles to complex concepts, equipping readers with practical skills to audit research papers. By Chapter 3, students will understand the majority of common research errors, and by completion, they'll possess the tools to critically evaluate arbitrary scientific papers with professional-level scrutiny. With growing governmental support for metascience and post-publication audits, this book arrives at a pivotal moment when standards for research evaluation are being established across disciplines. This text serves multiple audiences with its accessible yet rigorous approach. Primary readership includes practicing researchers and professional auditors seeking to develop metascience expertise. As academic institutions develop dedicated metascience courses, this book fills a critical gap in available textbooks. Secondary readership includes journalists, investors, and research funders who regularly engage with scientific literature and require skills to evaluate research quality.