All Things Come into Being Through Him

Deism presents the Christian with two distinct but related problems: firstly, it appears to argue that God and creatures are in a zero-sum relationship, so that if science explains why certain events occur, then God cannot, thereby removing all divine providence in the world; and secondly, by so removing providence, it makes the incarnation difficult if not impossible. Drawing on Thomas Aquinas’ doctrine of creation, David O. Brown shows that if creation is understood as a relationship of dependence that creatures have with God, rather than an event that happens at the beginning of time, then providence is reframed as the fulfilment of an ontological relationship rather than the guiding of history towards a specific future end. If creation is understood as a relationship of ontological dependence, then the incarnation is that relationship, not something God does subsequent to creating. Jesus Christ is that through which all things are created, because the ontological relationship that constitutes the doctrine of creation is the hypostatic union. The incarnation becomes the single divine activity of the deist, and a genuine Christian incarnational deism is possible.